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Techniques with Painting and Drawing~ Toney, Anthony. //Creative Painting and Drawing.// New York, NY: Dover Publications, 1966. Print.
 * 1) There are four elements to art: “Line, Shape, Space, and Value.”
 * 2)  “Lines can be implicit or explicit. An implicit line is a hidden one, revealed only by similarity, as when otherwise separate things or their parts line up in some way.”
 * 3)  “Explicit lines are actual direction or combination of directions.”
 * 4)  “Complex directions can be seen more readily if they are compared to simpler ones.”
 * 5)  “In the very nature of line exist the painter’s two main modes of working the movement of gesture and the contour of shape.”
 * 6)  “In any art work, shapes are the masses of varying size, value, or color. They are essentially triangular, rectangular, circular, or some combination of these.
 * 7)  “An explicit shape is that area which is within the actual contour.”
 * 8)  “Implicit shapes, on the other hand, are those revealed by implicit line of direction.”
 * 9)  “A shape will usually refer to one or another primary shape, and complex shapes are combinations of primary shapes revealed through comparison.”
 * 10)  “Art as in nature, space consists of the position of planes-flats surfaces, varying in size, that tend to recede, come forward, or stay put within any particular context.”
 * 11)  Primary qualities of three dimensional or illusionistic space consist of the oppositions of the sphere, pyramid, or cube.”
 * 12)  “More complex three dimensional forms are combinations of these.”
 * 13)  “Natural space is expressed through linear and aerial perspective, which we will now consider in some detail.”
 * 14)  “Atmospheric or aerial perspective refers to the effect of varying thickness of atmosphere upon sight.”
 * 15)  “When something is moved farther away from the observer, it appears less distinct, less intense, and also smaller.”